Syllabus - Biological Sciences (BL)
General Biology: Taxonomy and physiology, Pro-and eukaryotic organizms; cell organelles and their function; multicellular organization; energy transformations; internal transport systems of plants; respiration; regulation of body fluids and excretory mechanisms; cellular reproduction; Mendelian genetics and heredity; biology and populations and communities; evolution; genesis and diversity of organizms; animal behaviour, plant and animal diseases.
Basics of Biochemistry, Biophysics, Molecular Biology: Buffers; trace elements in biological systems; enzymes and proteins; vitamins; biological oxidations, carbohydrates and lipids and their metabolisms; digestion and absorption; detoxifying mechanisms; plant and animal hormones and their action, nervous system, nucleic acids, nature of gene and its function, Genetic code, synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. Enzyme mechanisms and kinetics, nucleic acid metabolism, photo synthesis. Structure of biomolecules; intra and intermolecular forces; thermodynamics and kinetics of biological systems, principles of x-ray diffraction, IR and UV spectroscopy and hydrodynamic techniques.
Microbiology, Cell Biology and Immunology: Classes of microorganizms and their characterization, nutrient requirement for growth; laboratory techniques in microbiology, pathogenic microorganizms and disease; applied microbiology; viruses, Microbial genetics. Innate and adaptive immunity, antigen antibodies.Cell theory; Cell architecture; methods of cell fractionation; cell division; types of chromosome structure; biochemical genetics- inborn errors of metabolisms; viruses and fungi; principles of processes of development.
Mathematical Sciences: Mathematical functions (algebraic, exponential, trigonometric), their derivatives (derivatives and integrals of simple functions), permutations and combinations.
Biotechnology (BT) - Test Papers & Syllabus
The Biotechnology (BT) test paper comprises of Biology (44% weightage), Chemistry (20% weightage), Mathematics (18% weightage) and Physics (18% weightage).
BIOLOGY (10+2+3 level)
General Biology: Taxonomy; Heredity; Genetic variation; Conservation; Principles of ecology; Evolution; Techniques in modern biology.
Biochemistry and Physiology: Carbohydrates; Proteins; Lipids; Nucleic acids; Enzymes; Vitamins; Hormones; Metabolism – Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Oxidative Phosphoryation; Photosynthesis. Nitrogen Fixation, Fertilization and Osmoregulation; Vertebrates-Nervous system; Endocrine system; Vascular system; Immune system; Digestive system and Reproductive System.
Basic Biotechnology: Tissue culture; Application of enzymes; Antigen-antibody interaction; Antibody production; Diagnostic aids.
Molecular Biology: DNA; RNA; Replication; Transcription; Translation; Proteins; Lipids and Membranes; Operon model; Gene transfer.
Cell Biology: Cell cycle; Cytoskeletal elements; Mitochondria; Endoplasmic reticulum; Chloroplast; Golgi apparatus; Signaling.
Microbiology: Isolation; Cultivation; Structural features of virus; Bacteria; Fungi; Protozoa; Pathogenic micro-organizms.
CHEMISTRY (10+2+3 level)
Atomic Structure: Bohr’s theory and Schrodinger wave equation; Periodicity in properties; Chemical bonding; Properties of s, p, d and f block elements; Complex formation; Coordination compounds; Chemical equilibria; Chemical thermodynamics (first and second law); Chemical kinetics (zero, first, second and third order reactions); Photochemistry; Electrochemistry; Acid-base concepts; Stereochemistry of carbon compounds; Inductive, electromeric, conjugative effects and resonance; Chemistry of Functional Groups: Hydrocarbons, alkyl halides, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines and their derivatives; Aromatic hydrocarbons, halides, nitro and amino compounds, phenols, diazonium salts, carboxylic and sulphonic acids; Mechanism of organic reactions; Soaps and detergents; Synthetic polymers; Biomolecules – amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates (polysaccharides); Instrumental techniques – chromatography (TLC, HPLC), electrophoresis, UV-Vis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry.
MATHEMATICS (10+2 level)
Sets, Relations and Functions, Mathematical Induction, Logarithms, Complex numbers, Linear and Quadratic equations, Sequences and Series, Trigonometry, Cartesian System of Rectangular Coordinates, Straight lines and Family, Circles, Conic Sections, Permutations and Combinations, Binomial Theorem, Exponential and Logarithmic Series, Mathematical Logic, Statistics, Three Dimensional Geometry, Vectors, Matrices and Determinants, Boolean Algebra, Probability, Functions, limits and Continuity, Differentiation, Application of Derivatives, Definite and Indefinite Integrals, Differential Equations.
PHYSICS (10+2 level)
Physical World and Measurement, Elementary Statics and Dynamics, Kinematics, Laws of Motion, Work, Energy and Power, Electrostatics, Current electricity, Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current, Electromagnetic waves, Optics, Dual Nature of Matter and Radiations, Atomic Nucleus, Solids and Semiconductor Devices, Principles of Communication, Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body, Gravitation, Mechanics of Solids and Fluids, Heat and Thermodynamics, Oscillations, Waves.
Geology
The Planet Earth: Origin of the Solar System and the Earth; Geosphere and the composition of the Earth; Shape and size of the earth; Earth-moon system; Formation of continents and oceans; Dating rocks and age of the Earth; Energy in the earth system; Volcanism and volcanic landforms; Interior of earth; Earthquakes; Earth’s magnetism and gravity, Isostasy; Elements of Plate tectonics; Orogenic cycles.
Geomorphology: Weathering and erosion; Transportation and deposition due to wind, ice, river, sea, and resulting landforms, Structurally controlled landforms.
Structural Geology: Concept of stratum; Contour; Outcrop patterns; Maps and cross sections; Dip and strike; Classification and origin of folds, faults, joints, foliation and lineation, unconformities; shear zones.
Palaeontology: Major steps in the evolution of life forms; Fossils; their mode of preservation and utility; Morphological characters, major evolutionary trends and ages of important groups of animals – Brachiopoda, Mollusca, Trilobita, Graptolitoidea, Anthozoa, Echinodermata; Gondwana plant fossils; Elementary idea of verterbrate fossils in India.
Stratigraphy: Principles of stratigraphy; Litho-, chrono- and biostratigraphic classification; distribution and classification of the stratigraphic horizons of India from Archaean to Recent.
Mineralogy: Symmetry and forms in common crystal classes; Physical properties of minerals; Isomorphism and polymorphism, Classification of minerals; Structure of silicates; Mineralogy of common rock-forming minerals; Mode of occurrence of minerals in rocks. Transmitted polarised light microscopy and optical properties of uniaxial and biaxial minerals.
Petrology: Definition and classification of rocks; Igneous rocks-forms of igneous bodies; Crystallization from magma; classification, association and genesis of igneous rocks; Sedimentary rocks – classification, texture and structure; size and shape of sedimentary bodies. Metamorphic rocks – classification, facies, texture and properties.
Economic Geology: Properties of common economic minerals; General processes of formation of mineral deposits; Physical characters; Mode of occurrence and distribution in India both of metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits; Coal and petroleum occurrences in India.
Applied Geology: Ground Water; Mineral exploration, elements of Mining Geology and Environmental Geology; Principles of Engineering Geology.
Syllabus - Mathematical Statistics (MS)
The Mathematical Statistics (MS) test paper comprises of Mathematics (40% weightage) and Statistics (60%weightage).
Mathematics
Sequences and Series: Convergence of sequences of real numbers, Comparison, root and ratio tests for convergence of series of real numbers.
Differential Calculus: Limits, continuity and differentiability of functions of one and two variables. Rolle's theorem, mean value theorems, Taylor's theorem, indeterminate forms, maxima and minima of functions of one and two variables.
Integral Calculus: Fundamental theorems of integral calculus. Double and triple integrals, applications of definite integrals, arc lengths, areas and volumes.
Matrices: Rank, inverse of a matrix. Systems of linear equations. Linear transformations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Cayley-Hamilton theorem, symmetric, skew-symmetric and orthogonal matrices.
Differential Equations: Ordinary differential equations of the first order of the form y' = f(x,y). Linear differential equations of the second order with constant coefficients.
Statistics
Probability: Axiomatic definition of probability and properties, conditional probability, multiplication rule. Theorem of total probability. Bayes’ theorem and independence of events.
Random Variables: Probability mass function, probability density function and cumulative distribution functions, distribution of a function of a random variable. Mathematical expectation, moments and moment generating function. Chebyshev's inequality.
Standard Distributions: Binomial, negative binomial, geometric, Poisson, hypergeometric, uniform, exponential, gamma, beta and normal distributions. Poisson and normal approximations of a binomial distribution.
Joint Distributions: Joint, marginal and conditional distributions. Distribution of functions of random variables. Product moments, correlation, simple linear regression. Independence of random variables.
Sampling distributions: Chi-square, t and F distributions, and their properties.
Limit Theorems: Weak law of large numbers. Central limit theorem (i.i.d. with finite variance case only).
Estimation: Unbiasedness, consistency and efficiency of estimators, method of moments and method of maximum likelihood. Sufficiency, factorization theorem. Completeness, Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems, uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators. Rao-Cramer inequality. Confidence intervals for the parameters of univariate normal, two independent normal, and one parameter exponential distributions.
Testing of Hypotheses: Basic concepts, applications of Neyman-Pearson Lemma for testing simple and composite hypotheses. Likelihood ratio tests for parameters of univariate normal distribution.
Syllabus - Chemistry (CY)
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Basic Mathematical Concepts: Functions, maxima and minima, integrals, ordinary differential equations, vectors and matrices, determinants, elementary statistics and probability theory.
Atomic and Molecular Structure: Fundamental particles, Bohr’s theory of hydrogen-like atom; wave-particle duality; Uncertainty principle; Schrödinger’s wave equation; Quantum numbers, shapes of orbitals; Hund’s rule and Pauli’s exclusion principle, electronic configuration of simple homonuclear diatomic molecules.
Theory of Gases: Equation of state of ideal and non-ideal (van der Waals) gases, Kinetic theory of gases. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law; equipartition of energy.
Solid state: Crystals, crystal systems, X-rays, NaCl and KCl structures, close packing, atomic and ionic radii, radius ratio rules, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle, isomorphism, heat capacity of solids.
Chemical Thermodynamics: Reversible and irreversible processes; First law and its application to ideal and nonideal gases; Thermochemistry; Second law; Entropy and free energy, Criteria for spontaneity.
Chemical and Phase Equilibria: Law of mass action; Kp, Kc, Kx and Kn; Effect of temperature on K; Ionic equilibria in solutions; pH and buffer solutions; Hydrolysis; Solubility product; Phase equilibria–Phase rule and its application to one-component and two-component systems; Colligative properties.
Electrochemistry: Conductance and its applications; Transport number; Galvanic cells; EMF and Free energy; Concentration cells with and without transport; Polarography; Concentration cells with and without transport; Debey-Huckel-Onsagar theory of strong electrolytes.
Chemical Kinetics: Reactions of various order, Arrhenius equation, Collision theory; Theory of absolute reaction rate; Chain reactions – Normal and branched chain reactions; Enzyme kinetics; photochemical processes; Catalysis.
Adsorption: Gibbs adsorption equation, adsorption isotherm, types of adsorption, surface area of adsorbents, surface films on liquids.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry and Stereochemistry: Electronic effect (resonance, inductive, hyperconjugation) and steric effects and its applications (acid/base property). Optical isomerism in compounds without any stereocenters (allenes, biphenyls), conformation of acyclic systems (substituted ethane/npropane/n-butane) and cyclic systems (mono and di substituted cyclohexanes).
Organic Reaction Mechanism and Synthetic Applications: Chemistry reactive intermediates, carbine, nitrene, benzyne, Hofmann-Curtius-Lossen rearrangement, Wolf rearrangement, Simmons-Smith reaction, Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Michael reaction, Darzens reaction, Witting reaction, McMurry reaction. Pinacol-pinacolone, Favorskii, benzilic acid rearrangement, dienonc-phenol rearrangement, Bayer-Villeger reaction. Oxidation and reduction reactions in organic chemistry. Organometallic reagents in organic synthesis (Grignard and organocopper). Diels-Alder reaction, Sigmatropic reactions.
Qualitative Organic Analysis: Functional group interconversions, structural problems using chemical reactions, identification of functional groups by chemical tests, elementary 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy as a tool for structural elucidation.
Natural Products Chemistry: Introductory chemistry of alkaloids, terpenes, carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides and nucleic acids.
Heterocyclic Chemistry: Monocyclic compounds with one hetero atom.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Periodic Table: Periodic classification of elements and periodicity in properties; general methods of isolation and purification of elements.
Chemical Bonding and Shapes of Compounds: Types of bonding; VSEPR theory and shapes of molecules; hybridization; dipole moment; ionic solids; structure of NaCl, CsCl, diamond and graphite; lattice energy.
Main Group Elements (s and p blocks): Chemistry with emphasis on group relationship and gradation in properties; structure of electron deficient compounds of main group elements and application of main group elements.
Transition Metals (d block): Characteristics of 3d elements; oxide, hydroxide and salts of first row metals; coordination complexes; VB and Crystal Field theoretical approaches for structure, color and magnetic properties of metal complexes. Organometallic compounds, metal carnonyls, nitrosyls and metallocenes, ligands with back bonding capabilities; MO theory approaches to explain bonding in metal-carbonyl, metal-nitrosyl and metalphosphine complexes.
Bioinorganic Chemistry: Essentials and trace elements of life, basic reactions in the biological systems and the role of metal ions especially Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+, function of hemoglobin and myoglobin.
Instrumental Methods of Analysis: Basic principles, instrumentations and simple applications of conductometry, potentiometry, UV-vis spectrophotometry, analysis of water, air and soil samples.
Analytical Chemistry: Principles of qualitative and quantitative analysis; acid-base, oxidation-reduction and EDTA and precipitation reactions; use of indicators; use of organic reagents in inorganic analysis; radioactivity; nuclear reactions; applications of isotopes.
Mathematics
Sequences and Series of Real Numbers: Sequences and series of real numbers, Convergent and divergent sequences, bounded and monotone sequences, Convergence criteria for sequences of real numbers, Cauchy sequences, absolute and conditional convergence; Tests of convergence for series of positive terms – comparison test, ratio test, root test; Leibnitz test for convergence of alternating series.
Functions of One Variable: limit, continuity, differentiation, Rolle’s Theorem, Mean value theorem. Taylor's theorem. Maxima and minima.
Functions of Two Real Variables: limit, continuity, partial derivatives, differentiability, maxima and minima. Method of Lagrange multipliers, Homogeneous functions including Euler’s theorem.
Integral Calculus: Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, definite integrals and their properties, Fundamental theorem of integral calculus. Double and triple integrals, change of order of integration. Calculating surface areas and volumes using double integrals and applications. Calculating volumes using triple integrals and applications.
Differential Equations: Ordinary differential equations of the first order of the form y'=f(x,y). Bernoulli’s equation, exact differential equations, integrating factor, Orthogonal trajectories, Homogeneous differential equations-separable solutions, Linear differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients, method of variation of parameters. Cauchy-Euler equation.
Vector Calculus: Scalar and vector fields, gradient, divergence, curl and Laplacian. Scalar line integrals and vector line integrals, scalar surface integrals and vector surface integrals, Green's, Stokes and Gauss theorems and their applications.
Group Theory: Groups, subgroups, Abelian groups, non-abelian groups, cyclic groups, permutation groups; Normal subgroups, Lagrange's Theorem for finite groups, group homomorphisms and basic concepts of quotient groups (only group theory).
Linear Algebra: Vector spaces, Linear dependence of vectors, basis, dimension, linear transformations, matrix representation with respect to an ordered basis, Range space and null space, rank-nullity theorem; Rank and inverse of a matrix, determinant, solutions of systems of linear equations, consistency conditions. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Symmetric, skew-symmetric, hermitian, skew-hermitian, orthogonal and unitary matrices.
Real Analysis: Interior points, limit points, open sets, closed sets, bounded sets, connected sets, compact sets; completeness of R, Power series (of real variable) including Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s, domain of convergence, term-wise differentiation and integration of power series.
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